(B) In addition to the problematic structure at the beginning, this choice repeats the Case I mistake immediate after the first: two incorrect “with” + noun] + [participle] structures right in a row. The mistake is to use this structure, “with” + [noun] + [participle], as a substitute for a full clause. In fact, only past participle forms of transitive verbs can be turned into past participial phrases. ... Memory game of action words in present, past and participle. = that’s a grammatically correct organization of a sentence, and there are no errors; this choice is promising. An infinitive construction in which the agent (or performer of the action) either appears in a prepositional phrase following the verb or is not identified at all. The past participle can be used as an adverb modifying an adjective. worksheet Is this structure right or wrong? Ready to get an awesome GMAT score? The English longbowmen weren’t doing anything with the muddy field. The past participle is used with "have" auxiliaries (helping verbs) in active voice. Terrified, they fled from the scene. Presumably, the “trying” and the “being delayed” would be more or less simultaneous. A participle without a helping verb is being used as either a participle … (A) This choice commits the famous missing-verb mistake. What is going on? Students often ask about this structure, with + [noun] + [participle]. When to use “had” plus past participle and simple past. Past Participles as Non-finite Verbs: Past participle form of the verb cannot work as a finite verb without an auxiliary verb. Again, the Perfect Tenses in the Active Voice are formed out of the Verb TO HAVE followed by the Past Participle. In the main clause, the English longbowmen are the actors, and in the “with” phrase, the muddy field is another actor. “). This is wrong. Past participles can also be used in absolute phrases with a noun or pronoun going before them. Participle phrases (eg. (C) [independent clause], comma,  [participial phase], comma, “and,” [independent clause] = that’s a grammatically correct organization of a sentence, but there’s no logical connection between “exhibiting extreme seasons” and what the hemispheres do. Board game to practice asking and answering "Have you ever..." plus regular and irregular participles. Reducing Clauses with a “Be” Verb. You can change any verb and make it into a present participle. Note that past participles normally have a passive meaning. Past participles are the third form of the verb. Here again, the overall sentence is just connect with a string of and’s, and this gives no sense of the logical interconnection of these events, what cause what. (D) The French infantrymen at the Battle of Agincourt tried to advance but had been delayed by the muddy field, and the English longbowmen inflicted significant damage on them, and the English infantry eventually would eliminate their reduced numbers with ease. I had loved. All the answers that have the formulation “… strategically lost the element of surprise…” are wrong: choices (B) & (C) & (E) make this mistake. It always acts as an adjective (modifying a noun) in a sentence. B. Elizabeth I. reigned as queen of England from 1558 to 1603. “) , and yet it is part of a correct sentence in other questions (e.g. Nouns (or noun phrases) like "society," "mankind," "human civilization," are special in the sense that they include a whole universe of individuals. What’s being described in the “with” phrase is not an action but merely a fixed detail of something. B. Elizabeth I. reigned as queen of England from 1558 to 1603. It behaves like an adverb with respect to the rest of the sentence and is headed by a participle. The main noun is “Boisin Capital,” and this is followed by a participle, “prepared,” but it never gets a bonafide verb. In the Orange Level, you learn about sentence structure and how to put sentences together. ; In French, the rules are more fixed. Adverb phrases - English Grammar Today - a reference to written and spoken English grammar and usage - Cambridge Dictionary Afterwards, try the exercises that follow the video: Exercise: Combine each pair of sentences to form one sentence. Participles. The placement of adverbs with respect to the verb to have depends on whether to have is used as an auxiliary verb (part of a verb complex), or as a main verb (standing alone and meaning ‘possess’). 2) Split #1: As explained in this blog, this question contains a “Case II” use of the “with” + [noun] + [participle] structure, additional description. having + past participle clauses By using the perfect –ing participle clause you can emphasise that an action was previous to another. The participle following “with” is not an action word: it merely paints a picture, describes the appearance of the planet Uranus. Choice (C) is a similar mistake: another preposition, “because of,” with [noun] + [participle] structure, action by a different actor; this is also wrong. Relative pronoun: who, whom, whose, what, that, which, whoever, whatever, Relative adverbs: why, how, where, when, however, wherever, whenever. However, there are many irregular verbs in English, and these past participle forms must be memorized. This is 100% correct, and could appear as part of the OA in a GMAT Sentence Correction question. Split #3: pronoun mistake. These clauses are commonly used to express the cause of a second action. Adjectives and Adverbs Download this explanation in PDF here. 2) With a rotational axis tilted nearly parallel to the plane of the Solar System, Uranus exhibits extreme seasons: hemispheres go from continuous sunlight to continuous darkness in its 84-year cycle. (modifies noun: students) The folks in the Japanese Imperial Fleet wanted the element of surprise, but they lost it. I will attempt to make a rough distinction of two different use of this structure, one of which is inexcusably unacceptable, and the other of which is completely fine. An essential piece of the action has been lost in dropping that participle. Which is correct? 1. In the Orange Level, you learn about sentence structure and how to put sentences together. In (A) & (D), even if the “their” and “them” were correct in singular/plural, they would be wrong because they refer to two different antecedent. (B) “with”-phrase, comma, [noun] + [participle], “because” + [subordinate clause] = this sentence has no independent clause; it commits the missing-verb mistake. Having lived in Saudi Arabia for several years provided Maria with language skills in Arabic. Ask Question Asked 2 years, 8 months ago. The answer choices vary between the adjective “strategic” and the adverb “strategically.”  What’s happening here? In the main clause, Playlite is the actor, and in the “with” phrase, Arscun Corporation is another actor. 1. Having visited the island many times, they can get around it quite easily. I am dead tired. Examples: The students, raising their hands, need extra page. We use this type of a sentence to talk about past experiences and situations. For example, throw is a transitive verb, so its past participle form (thrown) can be used in a past participial phrase. Deceived by his friends, he killed himself. We use this type of a sentence to talk about past experiences and situations. (D) The “because” clause at the beginning is fine, but this choice also commits the missing-verb mistake, similar to (A). The Latin grammatical term is a calque of the Greek grammatical term μετοχή 'participation, participle'.. In order to work as a verb in a sentence, all participles must have a helping verb. . Having been a teacher for many years, I know how hard the job is. (A) & (B) are wrong because of this. He lived in Spain for many years. Phrases and clauses can also be modifiers. Split #2b: another pronoun mistake is using the same pronoun in the same clause to refer to two different antecedent. 2. He was dead drunk. 2,618 Downloads . This sentence works either with or without the participle phrase, so that phrase must be purely a decoration, a detail, not essential to the action in the sentence. Negative participle clauses are also possible, in which case not normally comes before the -ing form or past participle: Not having had a shower for two days, I was desperate to get to the bathroom.